第二部分　核心讲义

模块一　英语测试考试指南

一、试题特点

建设银行招聘考试英语测试一般为3篇或4篇长阅读理解，每篇文章后面有5个问题。通过分析历年建设银行招聘考试英语测试真题可以发现，阅读理解在设置题目的时候，往往针对文中以下几个方面命题：

1．强调处、绝对处、最高处、the only…或only在句首做状语

【例1】 Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration.

Q: What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?

A) It may change the existing social structure.

B) It may pose a threat to their economic status.

C) It may lead to social instability in the country.

D) It may place a great strain on the state budget.

【答案】D

【解析】文章提到“what worried them most was the fiscal burden”说明当地的高技能人才最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。D项“给国家预算带来巨大压力”与原文意思符合。

 

2．举例处

为了使观点更具说服力，作者会用举例来论证，通常由for example, such as, as, for instance, that is, to name a few, as follows等引导的短语或句子作为举例句，这些例子常是命题重点。例子一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的，且常以“事实细节题”或“推理判断题”出现。

【例2】 Like most people, I’ve long understood that I will be judged by my occupation, that my profession is a gauge people use to see how smart or talented I am. Recently, however, I was disappointed to see that it also decides how I’m treated as a person.

Last year I left a professional position as a small-town reporter and took a job waiting tables. As someone paid to serve food to people, I had customers say and do things to me I suspect they’d never say or do to their most casual acquaintances. One night a man talking on his cell phone waved me away, then beckoned me back with his finger a minute later, complaining he was ready to order and asking where I’d been.

Q: What does the author intend to say by the example in the second paragraph?

A) Some customers simply show no respect to those who serve them.

B) People absorbed in a phone conversation tend to be absent-minded.

C) Waitresses are often treated by customers as casual acquaintances.

D) Some customers like to make loud complaints for no reason at all.

【答案】A

【解析】本段作者讲述了自己曾作为服务员的经历，当时她碰到了一位蛮横无礼的顾客，对她随意地呼来唤去。结合第一段最后一句话，可知作者想表达的意思是：很多顾客不尊重为他们提供服务的人。故选A项。

 

3．特殊标点处

一些特殊的标点符号（如破折号、冒号、引号）处也是考点之一。作者为了使论点更有依据，常会引用名人名言或重要发现等，即引号中的内容；而冒号、破折号等则是为了解释前面已经提到的对象。这些考点多以“推理判断题”和“事实细节题”出现。

【例3】 Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.

Q: What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?

A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.

B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.

C) They will melt into the African-American community.

D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.

【答案】D

【解析】由倒数第二句后半句，破折号之后的内容large parts of the community may become mired in a eemingly state of poverty and underachievement（这个群体中大部分人可能会陷入明显的贫困和低成就状况中）。D项中的forever remain 对应于原文的become mired，poor 和underachieving 则对应于原文的poverty and nderachievement，故D项正确。

 

4．转折处与强对比处

文章的转折处以及强对比处也是出题的密集点之一，且常以“事实细节题”或“推理判断题”出现。表示转折的标志词有：but, in fact, however, nevertheless等。

【例4】Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States—but an economic expansion.

Q:What does the author say about the trade data of the past two years?

A) It indicates that economic activities in the U.S. have increased.

B) It reflects the fluctuations in the international market.

C) It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further into recession.

D) It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods and services.

【答案】A

【解析】文中提到“but an economic expansion”，即过去两年的数据表明国内经济活动并没有大幅度衰退，而是经济扩张，故选A项。

 

5．主题句处

主题句通常出现在段首或段尾处，且以“主旨大意题”、“观点态度题”的考查形式居多，但也会出现“事实细节题”等。其标志词有in general, generally, in a word等。

【例5】Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.

Q: How did Sears’ goal-setting affect its employees?

A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales.

B) They competed with one another to attract more customers.

C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota.

D) They improved their customer service on a companywide basis.

【答案】C

【解析】“Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal”是本段的主旨句，指明员工可能因为不切实际的目标而被迫撒谎、欺骗甚至是偷窃，也就是说他们会为了达到销售目标而运用不道德的手段，即C项。

 

6．因果关系处

考查由某些原因造成的现象，常以“事实细节题”的形式出现。其标志词有for this reason, for, as, because, since, as a result of, owing to, thanks to, due to, as a result, therefore, consequently, thus, accordingly, so等。

【例6】The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation’s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency. It’s also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar makes imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates...

Q:Why do Americans feel humiliated?

A) Their economy is plunging.

B) Their currency has slumped.

C) They can’t afford trips to Europe.

D) They have lost half of their assets.

【答案】B

【解析】由“The weak dollar is a source of humiliation”可看出美国人感到屈辱的原因是美元的走弱。B项中的currency和slump分别与原文的dollar和weak相对应。

7．定义结论处

在这些地方通常考查文章的中心观点或引用的观点，其信号词有In my opinion, my view is, as I see, conclude等。

【例7】A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes...

Q: What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?

A) More young voters are going to the polls than before.

B) The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.

C) Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's election.

D) Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的new study、CIRCLE定位到第一段第一句“…shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generation”（现在参加投票的年轻人比前几代多。）因此选A项。

 

8．数字年代处

数字、年份等处常以“事实细节题”的形式出现。

【例8】 Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely

Q:Students who attend an in-state college or university can?

A) save more on tuition

B) receive a better education

C) take more liberal-arts courses

D) avoid traveling long distances

【答案】A

【解析】本段对不同大学的费用进行了比较。其中，外地学生上科罗拉多大学博尔德分校的费用为35,542美元，而本地学生费用是17,380美元，由此可见上州内大学可以节省费用，选A项。

 

9．复杂句

复杂句常是命题者出题之处，包括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句，从句、不定式、副词等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间指代关系。

【例9】The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) they’ve inherited from Generation X (60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人).

Q: What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?

A) They are politically conservative.

B) They reject conventional values.

C) They dare to take up challenges.

D) They are indifferent to politics.

【答案】D

【解析】“The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy they've inherited from Generation X.”（结果是产生了一群年轻人，他们目的感强烈，摆脱了从Generation X身上继承的冷漠的一面。）由此可见“X”代人是不关心政治。所以选择D项。

 

二、题型分析及应试技巧

1．事实细节题

这类问题是针对文章的某个具体事实和细节，如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。

（1）常见的提问方式

When (Where, Who, Why, What, How)…?

All of the following are mentioned in the passage except…

According to the passage, the best answer to…is…

The author says…because…

Which of the following may be the best reason for…?

（2）解题步骤

①关键词定位

根据人名、地名、数字、时间、重要名词、动词等关键词来定位答案在原文中的位置。

②确定答案

根据关键词定位后，优先看定位处是否可以回答题目，如果不能，接着看它的后一句，最后看它的前一句。如果仍没有找到答案，就在本段内看考点。

事实细节题的答案和原文通常会有所差别，常常不是文章中的原话，而是词语或句子的同义转述。

（3）事实细节题干扰项特征

①与原文表述完全相反；

②与原文表述部分相同；

③与原文表述相似但过于绝对化；

④虽然是原文内容，但并非题目答案，即答非所问；

⑤原文中根本没提到。

2．主旨大意题

主旨大意题是指测试文章中心思想和段落大意的题。

(1)常见的提问方式

What’s the main idea of…?

What’s the topic/purpose/point of…?

What’s the best title of…?

（2）解题技巧

主旨大意题要求考生把握结构形式和推理过程。阅读理解多是说明文和议论文，因此熟悉这两种文体的结构特点可以帮助考生快速把握文章脉络和主题。这两种文体的文章结构基本如下：提出问题—解决问题—得出结论或阐明观点。

答题时应仔细阅读文章的第一段、最后一段以及每段的首末句，找出主题句、主题词，尤其要注意全文首句和第一段的转折，有时转折会把前面的观点否定掉，接着再提出作者的观点。

（3）主旨大意题正确答案特征

主旨大意是对文章的整体性描述，具有概括性和结论性，因此可将描述文章某一细节的选项排除掉。

一般有两个选项意义相近，但词义有细微差别，通常其中之一便是正确选项。

（4）主旨大意题干扰项特征

①论述范围包括文章内容，但又超过了文章内容，过于笼统；

②论述范围太窄，只涉及文章的某一方面或若干要点，属于以偏概全；

③提到的某个单词或词组等在原文中出现，但偏离文章主题；

④和文章内容没有关系，或与文章内容相悖。

3．推理判断题

推理判断题包括：根据语义推断作者的言外之意；根据逻辑推断文章中没有明确表达的内容。

（1）常见的提问方式

题干中表明该题为考查推理判断的词有suggest, imply, indicate, conclude, infer, learn等。主要的提问方式包括：

By saying…, the author suggests that…

It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussed…

From the passage, it can be inferred that…

It is implied, but not stated, that…

（2）解题技巧

①推理判断题不能从文章中直接找到答案，因此是原文原话的选项一般可排除。

②根据语义进行推断的题目，要注意一些词汇的言外之意，如try/attempt暗示失败或未能达成，challenge暗示做某事困难，envy暗示自己没有，actually暗示与众人了解的情况相反；此外，虚拟语气和过去式等也可用作推断的依据。

③对于根据逻辑进行推断的题目，通常是将两个性质相对或相反的事物进行比较，即由一个事物的性质推断出与之相反的性质。在做此类题目时，应注意一些信号词，如unlike, different, contrary to, in contrast to等。

逻辑推理题有时也会考查两事物性质或特点相近的题目，由一个事物的性质可知另一事物也具有类似性质，常用的信号词有like, as等。

（3）推理判断题正确答案特征

①选项不是文中明确提到的内容。推理判断题中，即使选项符合原文叙述，但是没有引申推理就不是正确选项。

②当四个选项可以全部根据常识进行判断时，其中含义深刻的往往是正确选项，有时唯一不是常识项的是正确选项。

（4）推理判断题干扰项特征

①只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当做间接推理；

②看似是从原文推断出来的结论，实际上却与原文不符，例如把原文的原因变成了选项中的结果，把原文的手段变成了选项中的目的；

③选项根据常识判断是正确的，但却不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点。因此，考生不能仅凭自己的主观想法或生活经验去推理，因为命题者考查的是考生揣摩作者意图的能力；

④虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头，概括过度；

⑤有部分选项的内容纯属无中生有。

4．语义推断题

语义推断题是从文章的某句话中选出一个单词、词组或短语，要求考生根据上下文推断其在原文中的特定含义。考查的词汇通常有以下种情况：超纲词汇；简单词汇但意义不常见；特定场合下表示特定含义。

（1）常见的提问方式

The word “…” in line…probably means…

Which of the following has the closest meaning to “…”?

The author uses the expression“…”to refer to…

The word “…” can best be replaced by…

（2）解题步骤

①找到考查部分所在的句子；

②确定词性以及单词、词组等在句子中所起的语法作用；

③对上下文进行分析，确定其中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词，理解上下文的意思，从而判断出正确答案。

对于超出大纲的词也可以利用构词法来猜测词义。

（3）干扰项特征

语义推断题的干扰项通常是表达单词或短语表面意思的选项，即简单的单词不要选熟悉的意思。

5．观点态度题

观点态度题是测试作者的观点和态度以及文章基调的题，对于这类题，要仔细查考作者的用词、口气等方能判断。

对于新闻类文章、科技科普类文章、历史事件的陈述等通常不包含作者的主观态度，而以客观事实为依据。而在社论、评论性文章、政治性演讲等文中，通常都是强调作者的主观态度。

（1）正确选项特征

包括作者明确的观点和立场。

正面评价：positive, favorable, complimentary, supported, approving, defensive, optimistic等。

负面评价：negative, critical, questioning, unfair, pessimistic等。

观点态度题中作者对某一事物的看法，要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词基本不可能是正确答案。但也有一个特例，即objective。当文章是理科类且针对全文，而不是某一具体事物时，或文章是议论文且包括两个对立观点，而作者没有表示明确的观点和立场时，该选项通常为正确选项。

（2）干扰选项特征

一般表示绝对化或过于强烈的选项通常是错误的。如：

过正：enthusiastic热心的；狂热的

过负：foolish, childish, criminal, cynical

过主观：subjective, arbitrary, biased, careless

有些词一般不可能成为观点态度题的正确选项：indifferent, cautious, puzzle, emotional

（3）文章基调

文章的基调同样表达了作者的观点态度，文章基调包括愤怒、同情、悲哀、讽刺、担忧、关心等，常用词如下：angry, sympathetic, serious, ironic, critical, matter-of-fact, tolerant, straightforward等。

（4）注意事项

①注意区分作者的观点和作者引用的别人的观点；

②文章没有明确提出作者的观点态度时，应根据文章中使用的词语的褒贬性去判断；

③通常情况下，作者的观点是与文章主旨关联的。

【例10】

The 35-year-old Beijing woman is watching an ad showing a giant television made by me Chinese company Haler. A stream of introduction for the television floats in and out of view, including one about receiving electronic mail over the tube. A surfer rides the waves between skyscrapers, his wash leaving an “@” in the water. The ad is “ too direct”, she tells an interviewer. “There is this guy talking, telling me all about the product, showing me some images. We get it—but we don’t like it.”

Since a Shanghai television station aired China’s first TV commercial in 1979, most have been the plain, straightforward, tell-the-name-of-the-product-and-what-it-does kind Those started disappearing in the U.S. in the late 1960s in favor of more subtle pitches using irony and humor. Now a study says Chinese commercials don’t have to talk down to consumers anymore either—at least the one-third of them living in China’s prosperous cities, and who most interest advertisers.

Even the Western agencies that win awards elsewhere for hip, inventive commercials usually keep it simple in China. After all this country only began opening up 20 years ago and is fairly new to advertising. And to consumer culture, too. China is still a developing nation where an income of just$20,000 a year qualifies an urban household as middle-class. On the other hand, city people who once aspired to own the “big three”—a television, refrigerator and washing machine—have already moved up to DVD players and mobile phones. And with a population of 1.3 billion, the world’s largest, China is a huge market. That is why the world’s largest companies, from Coca-Cola to Procter & Gamble, are battling it out in China. Advertisers spent more than $500 million dollars through the first half of the year, estimates market researcher, making China the largest advertising market in Asia after Japan.

The prevailing view of many of those advertisers and their agencies is that the Chinese don’t yet get clever or subtle advertising and they prefer a straightforward ad with lots of information. But the April survey of almost 500 people in five China’s largest cities discovered “a savvy urban population, tired of a diet of 'boring' ads and hungry to be treated as the sophisticated decision-makers they are.” In short, the Chinese appreciation of what makes a good ad is no different from their counterparts anywhere else in the world.

1．The 35-year-old woman is dissatisfied with the ad of Haler TV because（　　）.

A) there is too much misleading information in it.

B) it hasn’t given a thorough introduction of the product

C) it is too difficult to understand

D) it has been showed in a simple-minded way

【答案】D

【解析】细节辨析题。文章第一段第四句中的too direct表明该女士认为海尔电视机的广告方式过于简单直接，故选项D正确。

2．By saying “Chinese commercials don’t have to talk down to consumers” (Lines 3-4, Para.2), the author suggests that（　　）.

A) the plain and straightforward way of advertising should be abolished

B) it is not necessary to take up irony and humor in advertisement

C) advertisers are more interested in how to attract the high-class citizens

D) those disappearing in the U.S. may be just appropriate in China

【答案】A

【解析】细节辨析题。文章第二段末句开头的Now…either表明上句提到的在美国已弃用的广告方式现在也可在中国弃用了。而根据上句开头Those started disappearing可推断在美国弃用的广告方式是指本段首句提到的简单直接的广告方式，故选项A正确。

3．What can we learn about the consumer culture in China?（　　）

A) It is not as complicated as that outside China.

B) It has not been fully understood yet.

C) Its influence on advertising is still limited.

D) It is one of the most important products of opening up policy.

【答案】B

【解析】细节辨析题。文章第三段第三句是一个省略句，省略的内容在第二句提及，表明中国对消费文化也不太熟悉。故选项B正确。

4．The author agrees that China’s middle-class households（　　）.

A) are interested in inventive ads instead of simple ones

B) earn less than the overseas middle-class households

C) contribute most to China’s consumer market

D) no longer aspired to own the “the big three”

【答案】B

【解析】细节辨析题。文章第三段第三句是一个省略句，省略的内容在第二句提及，表明中国对消费文化也不太熟悉。故选项B正确。

5．The passage mainly intends to discuss（　　）.

A) the most effective ways of advertising in China

B) the development of advertising styles in china

C) consumers' view on the ads in China

D) a misconception on the ads in China

【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文最关注的应该是消费者对广告的看法。文章以某个消费者对广告的看法开始，故选项C正确。