- 中国烟草业规制问题研究:原因、措施与影响
- 申珅
- 1300字
- 2019-10-11 17:10:29
Abstract
Tobacco industry has been acting as the “double-edged sword” of economic development and harmful to health. Tobacco has been concerned by the international community since it was found,which has the characteristics of addiction,high revenue,high tax,monopoly,harmness and so on. Four transnational tobacco companies are the representatives of international tobacco industry,which controlled almost the whole tobacco market except China. China has been carrying out the national tobacco monopoly system,which regulates tobacco cultivation,purchase,processing,marketing,etc. After joining WTO,multinational tobacco companies came to China continuously and put pressure on China with the help of international political and economic power in order to cancel the national tobacco monopoly system. After signing Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC),China began to develop tobacco industry according to international standards,which brought more strict requirements on each link of tobacco production and circulation,and the continuous improvement on tobacco industry in our country. As for the research of Chinese tobacco industry,most scholars are confined to the discussion of monopoly system that is lack of in-depth analysis about the specific link. Thus,this paper tries to find existing problems and propose targeted policy suggestions based on the research of tobacco industry regulation,in order to let Chinese tobacco industry find a healthy and stable road under the implementation of limited governmental regulation.
This book studies tobacco industry based on field survey data by using theories of Industry Economics and Circulation Economics,which also combining Econometrics and Game Theory analysis to realize the organic combination of theory and practice and remedy the lack of empirical research on tobacco industry. It means to develop relevant theories and models further,which is more suitable for China. Its basic contents:Chapter 1,introduction. It introduces research background and significance,related concepts,main contents,research methods,innovation and deficiency,structural framework of this paper. Chapter 2,literature review. This paper hopes to do a more intensive research based on the review of theoretical basis involved and related research at home and abroad,which finds the lack of related research and correct it. Chapter 3,current situation of Chinese tobacco industry. Firstly,it explains the international background of developing Chinese tobacco industry,which introduces situation of international tobacco including four multinational tobacco companies and two multinational tobacco leave companies. Then,it discusses production and circulation status of tobacco industry in our country. Besides,it shows that Chinese tobacco has advantages of optimum area and tobacco varieties,owns huge cigarette production and the most smokers of the world,but also exists problems of tobacco quality is generally low,international market competitiveness is weak,production and circulation are lack of motivation,innovation and human resources are short,etc. The most serious situation is smuggling and counterfeit of cigarettes. Moreover,it points out facing opportunities and challenges after Chinese tobacco industry joined WTO and signed the Convention. Finally,it uses SC framework to analyze characteristics of Chinese tobacco industry,which finds that the market concentration is low;there are strict entry and exit barriers,the license system,various product and brand for winning;Chinese tobacco industry has tax effect;corresponding market behaviors are mainly monopoly,merger and acquisition,disguised advertising and efforts to research and development and so on. Chapter 4,causes,measures and the evolution of Chinese tobacco industry regulation. Firstly,it analyzes the causes of Chinese tobacco industry regulation,including negative externality of tobacco products,tobacco wholesale market chaos,the overcultivation and purchase of tobacco leave,tobacco industry has extremely strong market power and creates social welfare net loss,the financial dependence of governments on tobacco industry . Among them,it combines with original-dual Solow residual method and new empirical industrial organization method to estimate the market power of tobacco industry,and uses the highest limit estimation method to calculate the net loss of social welfare caused by market power,which proves there is a high market power and net loss that showed a trend of increasing year by year. Then,it discusses related regulation measures about tobacco production and circulation,including the concept and six stages' development of tobacco circulation as well as the present situation and current distribution strategies of four multinational tobacco companies. In addition,this front also introduces the history and current situation of American,Japanese and European Union's tobacco industry regulation,whose legal measures of the market-oriented operation,standardization and legalization construction,strict controls of adolescent smoking and “secondhand smoke”,the national support are worthy of reference for our country,but the phenomenon of tobacco companies that intervene in the political and economic life should be brought to our country's immediate attention and protect against it. Chapter 5,the influence of Chinese tobacco industry regulation. This front is based on empirical view. Firstly,it uses PLS-SEM to study the influence of regulation on tobacco production in China,which measures the impact of internal and external factors,among which the effect of tobacco leave tax is the most. Secondly,it does empirical research of analyzing the influence of regulation on Chinese tobacco companies' circulation competitiveness based on the data of X tobacco in Yunnan province by combining principal component analysis and partial least squares method,which shows the influence of capital structure and research & development are significant,as well as revealing that circulation competitiveness and current situation of local governments promote each other. Thirdly,it adopts the optimal planning method to analyze internal information asymmetry problem of regulation executor. Fourthly,it uses Game Theory to analyze and the regulation the dilemma of tobacco retailers and regional circulation caused by regulation,which discusses “price war” between tobacco retailers and the behavior decision of tobacco companies and local governments,between local governments,provincial tobacco companies. Finally,it also uses Game Theory to analyze that tobacco industry regulation is positive for controlling tobacco and maintaining tobacco farmers' interests,also has negative effect of increasing tobacco planting area rather than reducing. Additionally,it also analyzes “double control” policy effect in tobacco industry regulation through the case of Yuxi city in Yunnan province,which discusses its positive guiding effect and negative influence. Chapter 6,analysis of problems existing in tobacco industry regulation. Firstly,it discusses existing problem in the state tobacco monopoly system,analyzes policy paradox of the market by tobacco industry regulation. Then,it analyzes “double exploitation” for tobacco farmers,which is exploited in tobacco purchase link of tobacco monopoly administration (company) and government tax. Then,it discusses the unreasonable settings and collection of tobacco tax. After that,it analyzes problems of information asymmetry,rent-seeking,arbitrage and illegal trade in tobacco industry regulation. Finally,it analyzes the phenomenon of local protectionism,which hindered the annexation and reorganization of Chinese tobacco industry as well as the free movement of tobacco products,but has realized the “win-win” of local tobacco enterprises and regional economy. Chapter 7,conclusion,policy suggestion and prospect. This front is the summary of the whole book,putting forward policy recommendations accordingly,and prospecting the following research which is convenient for scholars to do further research.
Keywords: Tobacco Industry;Regulation;Circulation